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ABSTRACT Background: Malaria is a parasitosis conditioned by several factors. This study sought to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria considering environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil, from 2014 to 2020. Methods: Epidemiological, cartographic, and environmental data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute, and National Space Research Institute. Statistical and spatial distribution analyses were performed using chi-squared tests of expected equal proportions and the kernel and bivariate global Moran's techniques with Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. Results: The highest percentage of cases occurred in adult males with brown skin color, mainly placer miners, with a primary education level, living in rural areas, who were infected with Plasmodium vivax and with parasitemia of two or three crosses as diagnosed by the thick drop/smear test. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution, with distinct annual parasite indices associated with administrative districts and clusters of cases in locations with deforestation, mining, and pastures close to Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands. Thus, a direct relationship between areas with cases and environmental degradation associated with land use was demonstrated, along with the precarious availability of health services. Pressure on protected areas and epidemiological silence in Indigenous Lands were also noted. Conclusions: Environmental and socioeconomic circuits were identified for development of diseases associated with precarious health services in the municipality. These findings highlight the need to intensify malaria surveillance and contribute to the systematic knowledge of malaria's epidemiology by considering the complexity of its conditioning factors.
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Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana ? LTA, no município deAugusto Corrêa, e a relação com variáveis ambientais e socioeconômicas. Método: Estudo transversal, retrospectivoe ecológico, em uma amostra de 74 pacientes. A fonte dos dados primários foia Secretaria Municipal de Saúde deAugusto Corrêa; os dados ambientais, socioeconômicos e epidemiológicos georrefrenciados foramos do laboratóriodegeoprocessamento de dados epidemiológicos do Instituto Evandro Chagas ? IEC, a partir do processo declassificação de imagens de satélite. Para geração dos modelos de integração de informação temáticas foram utilizadasfontes secundárias, como bases de dados cartográficos, imagens brutas de satélite e do Sistema de Informação deAgravos Notificáveis - SINAN. Para o desenvolvimento dos bancos de dados e execução das análises foi utilizada ageoindexação de informações temáticas, geradas em trabalhos de campo e laboratoriais, além de técnicas e métodosgeoestatísticos.Resultados:Aproporcionalidade foi maior na faixa etária de 11 a 34 anos(61,64%),no gêneromasculino (66%) e em indivíduos de cor parda (86%).No período estudado o ano de maior ocorrência de casosfoi 2008. A relação da doença com a ocupação esteve presente em maior frequência nospequenos agricultores,naproporção de (58%). A região de maior predominância foi a rural, onde se observou alto nível de desmatamento(90%).Conclusão:Para este estudo, foi possível observar que as características da frequência da LTA, na área e noperíodo estudado, apresentaram relação com a ocupação com condições socioeconômicas e alterações ambientais.
Objective:To analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of prevalence of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in AugustoCorrêa city, state of Pará, and its relationship with socioeconomic variables. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospectiveecological study, a final sample of 74 patients was used at work. Primary data sources and records georeferencingof environmental, socioeconomic and epidemiological data were consulted. To develop the model of integratingthematic secondary information sources such as databases cartographic data, satellite imagery and gross SINAN,and information from the Municipal Health For preparation of analyzes were used to geographic index thematicinformation generated was used from and laboratory, and GIS technologies, statistical and epidemiologicaldatabase. Results: Proportion was highest in the age group 11-34 years (61.64%), the year with the highest numberof cases was in 2008, the proportion was higher in males (66%), was observed a relationship of the disease with theoccupation of the patient (58%) cases occurred predominantly in rural (90%), and individuals of mixed ethnicity(86%). Conclusion: According to this study, it was observed that the characteristics of proportion ofamericancutaneous leishmaniasisin the area and during the study period, compared with the present work, socioeconomic and environmental changes
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Objetivo: determinar a prevalência e traçar o perfil epidemiológico das gestantes tabagistas atendidas na Unidade Materno Infantil do Marco, entre 01 de janeiro de 2008 e 30 de junho de 2009. Método: amostra de 372 prontuários de gestantes credenciadas no Programa de Pré Natal da Unidade do Marco, no período supracitado foi analisada por meio de um estudo estatístico, descritivo e retrospectivo. Resultados: 5,38% das gestantes apresentaram hábito tabagista durante a gravidez, sendo predominantemente pardas, estudantes, com ensino fundamental ou médio, encontravam-se em união estável, com renda familiar inferior ou igual a três salários mínimos, faixa etária entre 20 a 30 anos, com idade gestacional que varia de 11 a 15 semanas quando cadastradas no Programa de Pré Natal, primíparas, sem histórico de abortos e tendo fumado de 1 a 5 cigarros por dia. Conclusão: tais achados reforçam a necessidade de programar estratégias preventivas e promotoras de comportamentos mais saudáveis por parte das gestantes, reduzindo assim os efeitos maléficos deste hábito principalmente ao feto.
Objective: to determine the prevalence and the epidemiology of smoking pregnant women in the UnidadeMaterno-Infantil do Marco, between January of 2008 and June of 2009. Method: a sample of 372 medical records of accredited pregnant Programa de Pré Natal da Unidade Materno-Infantil do Marco during the stated period was analyzed using a descriptive, retrospective and observational statistical study . Results: 5.38 % of pregnant women were smoking habits during pregnancy, and they were predominantly mulatto , students with elementary or middle school , were in stable relationships with family income less than or equal to three times the minimum wage , age between 20 to 30 years , with gestational age ranging from 11 to 15 weeks while enrolled in the Program for Pre Christmas primigravid , primiparous women with no history of miscar-riages and having smoked 1-5 cigarettes in the day . Conclusion: these findings reinforce the need to plan preventive strategies and promoting healthier behavior by pregnant women, thus reducing the harmful effects of this habit mainly to the fetus .